Conditions index.

C-01

Endometrial tissue invades the uterine muscle wall, causing an enlarged uterus, severe period pain, heavy bleeding, and chronic pelvic pain. It frequently coexists with endometriosis and is a major cause of iron deficiency anemia.

C-02

Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disease in which tissue similar to the uterine lining grows outside the uterus, on the ovaries, bowel, bladder, and peritoneum. These lesions bleed with every menstrual cycle, causing progressive scarring, adhesions, and infertility.

C-03

PCOS is the most common endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age. It involves elevated androgens, irregular or absent ovulation, and polycystic ovaries. Presentations range from lean women with menstrual irregularity to those with severe insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. It is the leading cause of anovulatory infertility worldwide.

C-04

Perimenopause is the 4 to 10 year transition before menopause, during which hormones fluctuate and symptoms begin. Menopause is confirmed after 12 consecutive months without a period. Hot flashes and night sweats are the hallmark complaints. Genitourinary changes, mood disruption, and insomnia are common and frequently undertreated.

C-05

PMDD is a severe cyclic disorder in which the brain responds abnormally to normal hormonal changes in the luteal phase. Symptoms include depression, anxiety, and irritability that appear reliably before menstruation and resolve within days of onset. It is distinct from PMS in severity and carries elevated suicide risk in the luteal phase.

C-06

Vulvodynia is chronic vulvar pain lasting at least three months with no identifiable cause. The most common form is provoked vestibulodynia, where pain is triggered by touch at the vaginal opening. It is a leading cause of sexual dysfunction and gynecologic care avoidance.